Present Time Research Articles

317 Automated Diffusion Tensor Tractography: Quantitative Tract Counts Predict 90-Day Change in Motor Function by Baseline Deficit in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy

INTRODUCTION: Ischemic stroke causes persistent motor deficits in roughly half of survivors. Although mechanical thrombectomy (MT) optimizes stroke outcomes, not all patients improve. Commercially available diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) software increases access to robust tractometric software. Automation and seamless clinical integration of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography protocols standardizes data acquisition in high-throughput and high-resolution manners. METHODS: Between June 2020 and 2021, a total of 28 patients with M1 and M2 ischemic strokes underwent a standardized DTT protocol following MT. Patients were stratified by their baseline deficits, defined as the averaged upper and lower extremity motor testing scores at the time of initial presentation (MTS severe = 0, intermediate = 0.5–3.5, and mild = 4+). Multivariable linear regression analysis included demographics, clinical characteristics, and tractometrics of the lesioned CST with MTS at 90-days as the outcome. RESULTS: There were 12 patients with severe, 12 with intermediate, and 4 with mild baseline deficits. Stratification by baseline deficits revealed no significant difference between mean effected tract counts (5.20, 5.08, and 5.78 in the severe, intermediate, and mild groups, respectively, p = 0.377). When controlling for demographics and clinical characteristics, baseline deficits (β = -0.838, SE = 0.913, p < 0.001) and effected mean tract count (β = 1.755, SE = 0.407, p = 0.001) of the CST significantly predicted the change in MTS at 90-day follow-up (adjusted R2 = 0.727 p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests automated tractometrics predict the change in motor function at 90 days when controlling for the patient’s baseline motor deficit. Although larger cohort studies should be conducted, commercially available DTI software could yield novel avenues into rehabilitation optimization for post-stroke patients with persistent motor deficits.

Bluetooth Enabled LCD Cricket Scoreboard

This abstract centres on designing and developing a Bluetooth-enabled LCD cricket scoreboard with a primary focus on reducing delay time during score display, aiming to significantly enhance the cricket match experience for players, spectators, and officials. The scoreboard seamlessly integrates Bluetooth technology with LCDs to ensure real-time transmission and instant display of match statistics, scores, player information, and game progress. The system incorporates Arduino-based hardware for LCD control and Bluetooth communication, complemented by a dedicated mobile application functioning as an intuitive interface for scoreboard management. Through the mobile app, users can wirelessly interact with the scoreboard, thereby reducing delays by enabling swift updates of match data, configuring display preferences, and ensuring rapid data exchange between the app and the LCD scoreboard. The emphasis on reducing delay time in score presentation underscores the commitment to delivering timely and accurate information, contributing to an enriched viewing experience for cricket enthusiasts, sports venues, educational institutions, and community cricket events. This represents an innovative approach, leveraging Bluetooth connectivity and LCD technology to minimize delays and provide comprehensive, real-time match information, thereby modernizing and augmenting traditional cricket scoreboards.

End-to-end Technologies in Medicine, Pharmacy, Biology

The article raises the topical issue of the use of end-to-end technologies for medicine, pharmacy, and biology. The analysis of the use of new technologies in these areas is carried out at the present time. The authors are looking for ways to solve the problem of teaching humanities and natural sciences at a medical university using the capabilities of modern technologies. A random sampling method using the capabilities of Goole forms was used to conduct a survey of 2nd year students of the medical university and teachers working with them. The level of training, the needs of students for new knowledge on modern end-to-end technologies, and the possibilities of implementing training programs are discussed. The survey showed that despite the widespread introduction of end-to-end technologies, the knowledge of students and teachers in this area is extremely limited. Students have a need to acquire new knowledge that can be applied in their future profession. Several solutions to the problem of teaching student’s new technologies and their practical application in medicine, pharmacy, and biology are proposed. The survey also showed that there are two possible options: 1) the introduction of a separate optional course into the curriculum; 2) teachers can talk about the possibilities of new technologies and their use during the study of the discipline. For effective teaching, teachers must improve their skills in a timely manner by taking courses. With an integrated approach, a quick and effective solution to the task is possible.

Posterior intra-articular distraction technique to treat pediatric atlantoaxial instability.

Surgical treatment for atlantoaxial instability in pediatric patients is challenging. We report our experience with posterior intra-articular distraction technique in treating this disorder. This is a retrospective descriptive study which included 15 patients of atlantoaxial instability whose age was less than 16years at the time of clinical presentation. All patients underwent anterior soft tissue released through a posterior-only approach, followed by intra-facet cage implantation, cantilever correction, and instrumentation. Clinical results were measured using the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scale and radiographic measurements including the atlantodental interval (ADI), posterior atlantodental interval (pADI), the distance of odontoid tip above Chamberlain's line, clivuscanal angle (CCA), and triangular area (TA) of craniovertebral junction. The follow-up period ranged from 18 to 72months, with an average of 41.2 ± 15.2months. The JOA score increased from 13.6 ± 2.3 to 16.6 ± 0.8. ADI decreased from 4.31 ± 2.37 to 1.85 ± 1.09mm, and TA decreased from 261.96 ± 107.99 to 197.12 ± 72.37 mm2. pADI increased from 12.89 ± 3.52 to 18.25 ± 3.89mm, and CCA improved from 132.19 ± 16.34 to 144.35 ± 13.91°. All changes in measurements showed statistically significant. There were no evidence of surgery-related complications or iatrogenic secondary cervical deformity during follow-up. Radiological evaluation showed satisfactory corrections and bony fusions of C1-2 facet joint in all cases. Posterior intra-articular distraction followed by cage implantation and cantilever correction can be one of the safe and effective ways to solve atlantoaxial instability in pediatric patients.

Assessment of quality of life of patients which visual impairment and a diagnosis of cataract

: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness, reducing economic productivity further leading to reduced quality of life (QOL). Various studies done around the globe have demonstrated that cataract and its diagnosis have been associated with poor quality of life and increased mortality. A thorough literature search showed limited study to assess the quality of life in patients with cataract in India. Hence, we designed this study to assess the quality of life of patients which visual impairment and a diagnosis of cataract.This cross-sectional study was conducted in patients diagnosed with cataract with visual impairment visiting the tertiary care center. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee and patients were recruited after they gave written informed consent. The participants were divided into two groups, Group 1 consisted of male patient whereas Group 2 consisted of female patients. The participant was assessed for visual functioning (VF) and Quality of Life.: The results of our study have demonstrated that out of total 84 participants recruited in the study, majority of them were female (n=50) and both groups were comparable at the time of presentation. All patients had a significant visual impairment at the time of presentation with 22 male participants and 33 female participants had grade III or more visual impairment. All patients had compromised quality of life as evident by the responses obtained from the participants on the visual functional score and quality of life scores. There was also a statistically (p<0.05) higher number of female participants as compared to male participants who had quite a lot of problems of noticing of objects off to side, had to make adjustment to darkness after being in bright light, problem in locating things when it was surrounded by lot of other things.All patients had compromised quality of life as evident by the responses obtained from the participants on the visual functional score and quality of life scores. Though participants in both groups with grade III onwards had higher visual functional scores and quality of life scores.

Agricultural Solid Waste and its Management: An Overview

Waste is one of the most pressing issues of the present time. Its effects seemed so drastic that concerns about its proper management raised questions around the globe. The major areas of developing and underdeveloped countries are used for agriculture and allied activities. Most of the waste generated in a country comprisesd agricultural wastes, most of which are solid. There is an urgent need to manage this agricultural waste to avoid environmental degradation and mitigate its ill effects on human and animal health. It was found that vermicomposting seemed to be by far the most affordable and quickest method of agricultural solid waste management. It also describes the problem of crop residue burning, which is quite prevalent in developing countries like India. It was also seen that the respective central and state governments must frame specific policies and laws for agricultural waste management. As agricultural solid wastes have good re-use and conversion potential, and it was suggested that suitable measures that can be taken to implement sustainable management of agricultural solid wastes.

Bluetooth Enabled LCD Cricket Scoreboard

This abstract centres on designing and developing a Bluetooth-enabled LCD cricket scoreboard with a primary focus on reducing delay time during score display, aiming to significantly enhance the cricket match experience for players, spectators, and officials. The scoreboard seamlessly integrates Bluetooth technology with LCDs to ensure real-time transmission and instant display of match statistics, scores, player information, and game progress. The system incorporates Arduino-based hardware for LCD control and Bluetooth communication, complemented by a dedicated mobile application functioning as an intuitive interface for scoreboard management. Through the mobile app, users can wirelessly interact with the scoreboard, thereby reducing delays by enabling swift updates of match data, configuring display preferences, and ensuring rapid data exchange between the app and the LCD scoreboard. The emphasis on reducing delay time in score presentation underscores the commitment to delivering timely and accurate information, contributing to an enriched viewing experience for cricket enthusiasts, sports venues, educational institutions, and community cricket events. This represents an innovative approach, leveraging Bluetooth connectivity and LCD technology to minimize delays and provide comprehensive, real-time match information, thereby modernizing and augmenting traditional cricket scoreboards.

Surgical and survival outcomes of early-onset colorectal cancer patients: a single-centre descriptive Australian study.

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) incidence is increasing in Australia. However, no Australian studies have reported on EOCRC patients' surgical management and survival patterns. A retrospective study of 111 EOCRC patients treated at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH), Sydney, Australia between January 2013 and December 2021 was performed. RPAH is a quaternary referral centre for pelvic exenteration (PE) and cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC). Most patients had left-sided tumours (76.58%) and stage IV disease at the time of presentation (37.85%). 27.93% of patients underwent either CRS/HIPEC and PE and 72.07% of patients underwent other colorectal resections of which the most common was low anterior resection (19.82%). A stoma was fashioned in 50.54% of patients. Complications occurred in 54.95% of patients of which most were Clavien-Dindo grade II (47.54%). Absolute 1-, 3- and 5-year time intervals were 93.69%, 87.39% and 85.48%. Disease-free and overall survival were poorer in stage IV patients who had PE, followed by CRS/HIPEC then other colorectal resections (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003). Stoma formation, PE and CRS/HIPEC and minor postoperative complications were common in our EOCRC cohort. Despite this, the 5-year absolute survival rate was acceptable. Thus, an aggressive surgical approach in EOCRC patients at a quaternary referral centre may be feasible at the cost of greater postoperative morbidity. This information is imperative in the surgical consent and preoperative counselling of EOCRC patients and highlights the need for further research to assess the postoperative functional outcomes and quality of life of EOCRC patients.

A Rare Lipoma of Tongue in a 4-Year-Old Child: A Case Report With Literature Review.

Lipoma of the tongue is a rare benign tumor that accounts for approximately 1% to 5% of all oral cavity tumors while 0.3% of tumors are of the tongue. Notably, it is rarer in children. In this article, we report the case of a 4-year-old girl with lipomas of the tongue. The lipomas were found at age 1 year by her parents, located on the tip, ventro, and dorsum of the tongue, and presenting with a trend to increase gradually. At the time of presentation to the hospital at age 4 years, the articulatory function of the patient was partially affected, and surgical excision was performed. The surgery was uneventful, and no evidence of recurrence was noted at 3 month follow-up.

Deviant Behavior of Schoolchildren: Problems and Solutions

Introduction. The authors investigate the problem of deviant behavior of schoolchildren, which is still relevant at the present time, which is associated with new approaches to studying the factors of social adaptation and development of a child’s personality through education, since in a certain sense it creates this space and affects his social activity. Methodology. Deviant behavior of schoolchildren is studied from the perspective of a personal approach in the context of psychological and pedagogical aspects of the prevention of destructive behavior. Results. The authors note that currently schools are gradually moving beyond the exclusively educational paradigm, so there is an increased interest in reviving the idea of education with an emphasis on traditional values and patriotism. It is extremely difficult to reintegrate underachieving, problematic students into the school environment, for this it is necessary to change the mentality of teachers and the school education system as a whole, focused not only on leaders, but also outsiders. Within the framework of this article, an attempt is made to describe in a detailed form the whole range of problems that accumulate among minors in family and school settings. Conclusion. In order to successfully combat various kinds of deviations of schoolchildren, it is necessary to know the real causes of maladaptation in order to improve the quality of psychological and pedagogical impact on child development.

An Observational Study on Cosmetics Use-related Adverse Effects: Cosmetovigilance Need of the Day.

The pursuit of aesthetic attractiveness and increased awareness have contributed significantly to the growth of the cosmetic industry. However, it is crucial to recognize that even the minimal use of cosmetics may have harmful consequences for both the overall well-being and the broader community, an issue that has yet to be adequately recognized or addressed. This study is aimed at providing insights into the usage pattern of consumer behavior regarding skin care products and to assess the prevalence and determinants of cosmetic-related adverse events among the general populace. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out for four months in a satellite city of the National Capital Region (NCR) of India. The data from 435 respondents was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Among 435 participants, 32.9% experienced one or more adverse effects owing to the use of skincare products; the prevalence was higher in females (36.3%). Hair loss, allergies, and dry skin were the most frequently reported adverse effects. The majority of the adverse reactions were reported with soap (21%), followed by shampoo (17%). The gender-wise difference between adverse effects of skin care products was found to be statistically significant. To improve the system's efficiency, a comprehensive review of the current regulatory protocols for cosmetics is crucial. Additionally, it is essential to widely disseminate information on Cosmetovigilance and promote the reporting of any adverse effects of cosmetics within the community; this is the demand of the present time.

MAKING THE PAST SPEAK: ACCELERATION, RESONANCE, AND PRESENCE1

ABSTRACTThis review essay offers an extended analysis of Hartmut Rosa's Resonance: A Sociology of Our Relationship to the World. By proposing a critical theory for our present times, the book dissects modes of being related to the world and how these relations are conditioned by the dynamic of escalation that is inscribed into modern social formations. Rosa argues that the wide‐ranging compulsion to grow, accelerate, and innovate produces a distorted and alienated mode of being in the world, suppressing and limiting possibilities for developing dialogic and responsive relations that are characterized by the concept of resonance. This review essay parses the categorical distinction between alienation and resonance, critically interrogating Rosa's notion that resonant relations form the basis for a good and successful life. While my analysis argues that the structural shortage of resonant relations can make subjects and collectives vulnerable to acting on the promise of resonance—possibly giving rise to problematic and undesired effects—I nonetheless contend that the concept of resonance is an effective explanatory tool that exhibits significant potential for interdisciplinary engagement. To illustrate this potential, I explore the extent to which Rosa's theorizing can illuminate contemporary matters of history and historical temporality. More specifically, I consider the perspective that the framework of resonance provides a comprehensive background for the paradigm of presence and the related surge in interest to theorize bodily and perceptual modes of being connected to the past.

Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict Neurological Deficit in Patients with Traumatic Lower Lumbar Fractures?

A retrospective cohort study. This study aimed to understand the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting neurological deficits in traumatic lower lumbar fractures (LLFs; L3-L5). Despite studies on the radiological risk factors for neurological deficits in thoracolumbar fractures, very few have focused on LLFs. Moreover, the potential utility of MRI in LLFs has not been evaluated. In total, 108 patients who underwent surgery for traumatic LLFs between January 2010 and January 2020 were reviewed to obtain their demographic details, injury level, and neurology status at the time of presentation (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] grade). Preoperative computed tomography scans were used to measure parameters such as anterior vertebral body height, posterior vertebral body height, loss of vertebral body height, local kyphosis, retropulsion of fracture fragment, interpedicular distance, canal compromise, sagittal transverse ratio, and presence of vertical lamina fracture. MRI was used to measure the canal encroachment ratio (CER), cross-sectional area of the thecal sac (CSAT), and presence of an epidural hematoma. Of the 108 patients, 9 (8.3%) had ASIA A, 4 (3.7%) had ASIA B, 17 (15.7%) had ASIA C, 21 (19.4%) had ASIA D, and 57 (52.9%) had ASIA E neurology upon admission. The Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity score (p =0.000), CER (p =0.050), and CSAT (p =0.019) were found to be independently associated with neurological deficits on the multivariate analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that only CER (area under the curve [AUC], 0.926; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.860-0.968) and CSAT (AUC, 0.963; 95% CI, 0.908-0.990) had good discriminatory ability, with the optimal cutoff of 50% and 65.3 mm2, respectively. Based on the results, the optimal cutoff values of CER >50% and CSAT >65.3 mm2 can predict the incidence of neurological deficits in LLFs.

Emergence and evolution of developmental resilience science over half a century.

This reflection on the history and future of developmental resilience science (DRS) highlights its co-emergence with developmental psychopathology (DP), as well as the roles of this journal and its founding editor, Dante Cicchetti, in the evolution of these intertwined domains of scholarship. A remarkable constellation of scholars at the University of Minnesota shaped the course of both conceptual frameworks and their dissemination. I describe fundamental assumptions common to DP and DRS frameworks that reflect their common roots and the pervasive influence of systems theory on developmental science. I describe four waves of DRS and key principles of DRS at the present time. In conclusion, I consider the possibility that a fifth wave of DRS is emerging with a focus on understanding patterns of multisystem, multilevel processes of resilience and their implications for interventions in the context of interacting, interdependent, and complex adaptive systems. I close this commentary with questions for future research and a hopeful outlook on the future of human resilience.

Intellectual Property Rights and Plagiarism in Information Technology Research

In present times, intellectual property rights are the central focus of international economies and global market competitions among enterprises due to their important role in fostering cultural prosperity, economic development, and progress in the field of information technology. The advancement in information technology has made the field even more complicated as firms struggle to protect their copyrights in the face of online data explosion, dynamic e-commerce environment, and rising disruptive technologies such as Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence. On the other hand, plagiarism is on the rise in recent times. Students knowingly or unknowingly practice plagiarism daily to meet their stringent academic demands. Information Technology Tools encouraging plagiarism have further aggravated the problem. Intellectual property rights and plagiarism awareness are relatively weak even among scholars. Do intellectual property rights protection and existing plagiarism trends have any effect on the field of information technology research? This paper discusses intellectual property rights and plagiarism with the mindset of information technology research. The paper seeks to shed light on aspects of intellectual property rights and how they affect academic research, in the field of information technology. If after reading this paper a researcher, can take intellectual property rights and plagiarism seriously, then, this research would have achieved its desired outcome.

Modern realities of correction of skin barrier disorders in various diseases

Skin xerosis is a common symptom that indicates of impaired skin barrier function. Such diseases as atopic dermatitis (AD) and ichthyosis are associated with genetic mutations of epidermal differentiation genes, while in other diseases (contact dermatitis, eczema) epidermal barrier disorders occur as a result of inflammatory process in the skin, mechanical or chemical damage, significantly affecting the course of the pathological process. The article highlights modern data on the importance of the main structural protein of the stratum corneum filaggrin (FLG) and the role of its deficiency not only in dermatologic diseases, but also in the development of hyperresponsiveness. The main methods of correction of skin barrier disorders are emollients, which belong to the methods of basic therapy in AD and are recommended for the complex therapy of other pathological conditions accompanied by xerosis. At the present time, an innovative method has been developed, that allows not only to replace FLG deficiency, but also to activate and stimulate protein synthesis in the skin. In this regard, a unique dermatocosmetics product “Admera”, which belongs to the category of “emollients plus” due to the combination of all the necessary properties of the emollient and the presence of FLG synthesis modulator filagrinol, is of interest. Filagrinol is a proprietary complex of active ingredients that activate enzymes involved in dephosphorylation of the FLG predecessor profilaggrin and increase the concentration in the stratum granulosum сells of a histidine-rich glycoprotein, involved in the formation of the stratum corneum cytoskeleton. The article presents a review of clinical studies on the efficacy of Admera cream and presents our own clinical experience of its use in patients with AD and hand eczema.

Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Trends Towards the Increase of the Number of Cases and Its Diagnosis

Introduction The global medical community calls traumatic brain injury (TBI) a "silent epidemic" because the latter causes a significant increase in mortality and disability more than any other mechanical injury. Although today's world achievements demonstrate powerful technical capabilities for accurate diagnosis of the time of occurrence and mechanism of TBI, however, the commission examination departments of the forensic medical examination bureau are considering more and more cases of diagnostic errors made by forensic medical experts during autopsies , which later caused protracted legal proceedings.&#x0D; Aim. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the modern diagnostic possibilities of methods for verifying the diagnosis and the time formation of TBI.&#x0D; Methods. Literary data on the prevalence and methods of diagnosing TBI at the present time were analyzed.&#x0D; Results. The degree and severity of TBI, as well as its course, after the initial mechanical injury depends on many factors. In the last decade, there has been an intensification of research on protein biomarkers based on biofluids (blood, cerebrospinal fluid) for intravitality diagnosis. However, not all markers provide reliable information that would correlate with the presence of TBI. Until now, the "gold standard" of diagnosis is an autopsy, next to which radiological studies are effectively used.&#x0D; Conclusion.&#x0D; Taking into account the global statistical data, postmortem diagnosis of TBI is an important issue of forensic traumatology, which requires a careful approach.&#x0D;  

LOCATION BASED TASK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

In the last few years, advertisements and vouchers have mainly been used to provide discounts. Text messages and posters have been used till now but advertising on mobile devices is a necessity of the present times. Vendors need to be able to publish and modify the advertisement to the users according to their interest. This method has low cost of digital advertisement and pervasive system for advertisement in big commercial malls. It is used to publish advertisement on the mobile phones ofthe customers and to find the desired place of the vendors. Customers are people who want to get information in a short amount of time. For example, they want to know the Location of the vendor, their discounts and description of the products. If they don't get the information according to their preference in a short time, they may lose interest in buying the products. Therefore, they need to get more information and the location without much effort. The information will be extracted from the content of social networks and will be used to predict the ad categories that interest a specific user. The same framework will be used for location based task management to filter ads based on the location of the user and the shop. Paper-based reminders are still very useful, but it is difficult to organize them effectively. Electronic reminders, on the other hand, are becoming more and more popular on cell phones. However, these reminders are mainly triggered by the user’s time. In many cases, tasks only need to be done at a particular location, and it would be helpful if reminders for these tasks could only be triggered when the user is physically around or near that location. This is why we have developed a location based task management for android-based smartphones and tablets in this research. Key Words: Location-based reminder, Task manager, Mobile application, Android.

Characteristics of Patients With Initial Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) That Are Associated With Increased Risk of Multiple CDI Recurrences.

Because interventions are available to prevent further recurrence in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), we identified predictors of multiple rCDI (mrCDI) in adults at the time of presentation with initial CDI (iCDI). iCDI was defined as a positive C difficile test in any clinical setting during January 2018-August 2019 in a person aged ≥18 years with no known prior positive test. rCDI was defined as a positive test ≥14 days from the previous positive test within 180 days after iCDI; mrCDI was defined as ≥2 rCDI. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis. Of 18 829 patients with iCDI, 882 (4.7%) had mrCDI; 437 with mrCDI and 7484 without mrCDI had full chart reviews. A higher proportion of patients with mrCDI than without mrCDI were aged ≥65 years (57.2% vs 40.7%; P < .0001) and had healthcare (59.1% vs 46.9%; P < .0001) and antibiotic (77.3% vs 67.3%; P < .0001) exposures in the 12 weeks preceding iCDI. In multivariable analysis, age ≥65 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55-2.35), chronic hemodialysis (aOR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.48-3.51), hospitalization (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.33-2.01), and nitrofurantoin use (aOR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.18-3.23) in the 12 weeks preceding iCDI were associated with mrCDI. Patients with iCDI who are older, on hemodialysis, or had recent hospitalization or nitrofurantoin use had increased risk of mrCDI and may benefit from early use of adjunctive therapy to prevent mrCDI. If confirmed, these findings could aid in clinical decision making and interventional study designs.

History of antiphospholipid syndrome

Here, we discuss hallmark historical events occurred while investigating antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) particularly describing how lupus anticoagulant was discovered and how scientists around the world came to define APS. The prospects for exploring APS at the present time by applying current APS criteria are considered. The contribution of Russian scientists to APS study and catastrophic APS is outlined.